001/*
002 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
003 * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
004 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
005 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
006 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
007 * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
008 *
009 *      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
010 *
011 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
012 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
013 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
014 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
015 * limitations under the License.
016 */
017
018package org.apache.commons.validator.routines.checkdigit;
019
020import java.io.Serializable;
021
022import org.apache.commons.validator.GenericValidator;
023
024/**
025 * Abstracts <strong>Modulus</strong> Check digit calculation/validation.
026 * <p>
027 * Provides a <em>base</em> class for building <em>modulus</em> Check Digit routines.
028 * </p>
029 * <p>
030 * This implementation only handles <em>single-digit numeric</em> codes, such as <strong>EAN-13</strong>. For <em>alphanumeric</em> codes such as
031 * <strong>EAN-128</strong> you will need to implement/override the {@code toInt()} and {@code toChar()} methods.
032 * </p>
033 *
034 * @since 1.4
035 */
036public abstract class ModulusCheckDigit extends AbstractCheckDigit implements Serializable {
037
038    static final int MODULUS_10 = 10;
039    static final int MODULUS_11 = 11;
040    private static final long serialVersionUID = 2948962251251528941L;
041
042    /**
043     * Adds together the individual digits in a number.
044     *
045     * @param number The number whose digits are to be added.
046     * @return The sum of the digits.
047     */
048    public static int sumDigits(final int number) {
049        int total = 0;
050        int todo = number;
051        while (todo > 0) {
052            total += todo % 10; // CHECKSTYLE IGNORE MagicNumber
053            todo /= 10; // CHECKSTYLE IGNORE MagicNumber
054        }
055        return total;
056    }
057
058    /**
059     * The modulus can be greater than 10 provided that the implementing class overrides toCheckDigit and toInt (for example as in ISBN10CheckDigit).
060     */
061    private final int modulus;
062
063    /**
064     * Constructs a modulus 10 {@link CheckDigit} routine for a specified modulus.
065     */
066    ModulusCheckDigit() {
067        this(MODULUS_10);
068    }
069
070    /**
071     * Constructs a {@link CheckDigit} routine for a specified modulus.
072     *
073     * @param modulus The modulus value to use for the check digit calculation.
074     */
075    public ModulusCheckDigit(final int modulus) {
076        this.modulus = modulus;
077    }
078
079    /**
080     * Calculates a modulus <em>Check Digit</em> for a code which does not yet have one.
081     *
082     * @param code The code for which to calculate the Check Digit; the check digit should not be included.
083     * @return The calculated Check Digit.
084     * @throws CheckDigitException if an error occurs calculating the check digit.
085     */
086    @Override
087    public String calculate(final String code) throws CheckDigitException {
088        if (GenericValidator.isBlankOrNull(code)) {
089            throw new CheckDigitException("Code is missing");
090        }
091        final int modulusResult = calculateModulus(code, false);
092        final int charValue = (modulus - modulusResult) % modulus;
093        return toCheckDigit(charValue);
094    }
095
096    /**
097     * Calculates the modulus for a code.
098     *
099     * @param code               The code to calculate the modulus for.
100     * @param includesCheckDigit Whether the code includes the Check Digit or not.
101     * @return The modulus value.
102     * @throws CheckDigitException if an error occurs calculating the modulus for the specified code.
103     */
104    protected int calculateModulus(final String code, final boolean includesCheckDigit) throws CheckDigitException {
105        int total = 0;
106        for (int i = 0; i < code.length(); i++) {
107            final int lth = code.length() + (includesCheckDigit ? 0 : 1);
108            final int leftPos = i + 1;
109            final int rightPos = lth - i;
110            final int charValue = toInt(code.charAt(i), leftPos, rightPos);
111            total += weightedValue(charValue, leftPos, rightPos);
112        }
113        if (total == 0) {
114            throw new CheckDigitException("Invalid code, sum is zero");
115        }
116        return total % modulus;
117    }
118
119    /**
120     * Gets the modulus value this check digit routine is based on.
121     *
122     * @return The modulus value this check digit routine is based on.
123     */
124    public int getModulus() {
125        return modulus;
126    }
127
128    /**
129     * Tests if the code is of the specified length.
130     *
131     * @param code The code to test.
132     * @param length The length to test for.
133     * @return {@code true} if the code is of the specified length, otherwise {@code false}.
134     */
135    boolean isLength(final String code, final int length) {
136        return code != null && code.length() == length;
137    }
138
139    /**
140     * Validates a modulus check digit for a code.
141     *
142     * @param code The code to validate.
143     * @return {@code true} if the check digit is valid, otherwise {@code false}.
144     */
145    @Override
146    public boolean isValid(final String code) {
147        if (GenericValidator.isBlankOrNull(code)) {
148            return false;
149        }
150        try {
151            return calculateModulus(code, true) == 0;
152        } catch (final CheckDigitException ex) {
153            return false;
154        }
155    }
156
157    /**
158     * Converts an integer value to a check digit.
159     * <p>
160     * <strong>Note:</strong> this implementation only handles single-digit numeric values For non-numeric characters, override this method to provide
161     * integer--&gt;character conversion.
162     * </p>
163     *
164     * @param charValue The integer value of the character.
165     * @return The converted character.
166     * @throws CheckDigitException if integer character value. doesn't represent a numeric character.
167     */
168    protected String toCheckDigit(final int charValue) throws CheckDigitException {
169        if (isAsciiDigit(charValue)) {
170            return Integer.toString(charValue);
171        }
172        throw new CheckDigitException("Invalid Check Digit Value =%d", charValue);
173    }
174
175    /**
176     * Converts a character at a specified position to an integer value.
177     * <p>
178     * <strong>Note:</strong> this implementation only handlers numeric values For non-numeric characters, override this method to provide
179     * character--&gt;integer conversion.
180     * </p>
181     *
182     * @param character The character to convert.
183     * @param leftPos   The position of the character in the code, counting from left to right (for identifying the position in the string).
184     * @param rightPos  The position of the character in the code, counting from right to left (not used here).
185     * @return The integer value of the character.
186     * @throws CheckDigitException if character is non-numeric.
187     */
188    protected int toInt(final char character, final int leftPos, final int rightPos) throws CheckDigitException {
189        if (isAsciiDigit(character)) {
190            return character - '0';
191        }
192        throw new CheckDigitException("Invalid Character[%d,%d] = '%c'", leftPos, rightPos, character);
193    }
194
195    /**
196     * Calculates the <em>weighted</em> value of a character in the code at a specified position.
197     * <p>
198     * Some modulus routines weight the value of a character depending on its position in the code (for example, ISBN-10), while others use different weighting
199     * factors for odd/even positions (for example, EAN or Luhn). Implement the appropriate mechanism required by overriding this method.
200     * </p>
201     *
202     * @param charValue The numeric value of the character.
203     * @param leftPos   The position of the character in the code, counting from left to right.
204     * @param rightPos  The position of the character in the code, counting from right to left.
205     * @return The weighted value of the character.
206     * @throws CheckDigitException if an error occurs calculating. the weighted value.
207     */
208    protected abstract int weightedValue(int charValue, int leftPos, int rightPos) throws CheckDigitException;
209}